Infections and Other Complications
Infection
Lymph fluid is high in protein and, when the fluid is congested in tissue, it presents a favorable environment for bacteria to grow and thrive. This is especially concerning when a swollen, lymphedematous limb experiences a cut, burn, or insect bite. The introduction of bacteria to the tissue through an open area on the skin can foster the rapid onset of infection. Signs and symptoms of infection include:
redness
rash
pain
itching
increased temperature of the skin
new onset of swelling or increased swelling
flu-like symptoms including fever and chills
If these symptoms occur in the lymphedematous tissue, contact your physician immediately. If this occurs outside of your doctor’s regular office hours, go to the emergency room. Antibiotics are used to treat infections and typically a broad-spectrum antibiotic are prescribed. Infections can cause the onset of lymphedema in individuals at risk and can significantly exacerbate the condition in those who have lymphedema. Attention to skin care promotes risk reduction.
Blood Clots
Blood clots or Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVTs) can also cause rapid swelling, pain, and tenderness in the limb. The symptoms associated with a DVT tend to be localized and differ from an infection in that they do not cause flu-like symptoms. Blood clots need to be diagnosed by a medical professional using an ultrasound imaging scan.
Congestive Heart Failure
Individuals with congestive heart failure (CHF) and lymphedema must be monitored closely and treated conservatively with MLD and compression so as not to overload the heart with fluid. Performing MLD and applying compression therapy may be contraindicated in severe circumstances as the heart may not be able to compensate for the increase in fluid loads. Consultation with a medical provider is warranted to determine optimal interventions for managing lymphedema for those with CHF.
Please note that this list is not all-inclusive, as there are other co-morbidities that may interfere with lymphatic treatment. Consulting a medical provider is warranted before starting any therapeutic intervention to determine any potential side effects or precautions.